American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators (ABMDI) Practice Exam

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Which drugs are known to cause seizures?

Diphenhydramine, ethanol
Adrenaline, caffeine
Aspirin, diazepam
Paracetamol, ketamine

The correct answer is: Diphenhydramine, ethanol

Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, is known to have central nervous system effects, and in some cases, it can lower the seizure threshold, potentially leading to seizures, especially when used in excess or in sensitive individuals. Ethanol, particularly with withdrawal or in cases of acute intoxication, can also trigger seizures as the body reacts to the sudden absence of the depressant effects of alcohol. In contrast, adrenaline (epinephrine) and caffeine typically do not directly cause seizures; caffeine may contribute to them in rare instances, particularly in very high doses or among sensitive individuals. Aspirin is a common analgesic and antipyretic that is not associated with seizures, while diazepam is often used to treat seizures rather than cause them. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally safe from causing seizures at therapeutic doses, and while ketamine has some impact on neurological functions, it is not primarily known for inducing seizures, especially when used in a controlled medical setting. Thus, the combination of diphenhydramine and ethanol is significant in the context of drugs that can lead to seizures, making this the correct choice.